Life in Timbuktu

Life in Timbuktu

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France has deployed more than 3,500 ground forces in a lightning three-week campaign that has wrested control of towns in northern Mali, including historic Timbuktu, from an al Qaeda-linked alliance.

As the conflict continues, life goes on in Timbuktu, where these residents attend Friday prayers at the Djinguereber mosque.

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Malians attend Friday prayers at the Djinguereber mosque.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

Malians attend Friday prayers at the Djinguereber mosque.

They clasp hands as they sit and pray.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

They clasp hands as they sit and pray.

A French soldier patrols outside the mosque.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

A French soldier patrols outside the mosque.

Prayer beads lie on a carpet at the mosque.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

Prayer beads lie on a carpet at the mosque.

Children listen to a school teacher after the reopening of Mahamane Fondogoumo elementary school.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

Children listen to a school teacher after the reopening of Mahamane Fondogoumo elementary school.

Malian soldiers walk around a market among stacks of buckets and pots.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

Malian soldiers walk around a market among stacks of buckets and pots.

Malian soldiers stand guard in the market.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

Malian soldiers stand guard in the market.

A Malian man smokes a cigarette in front of a shop with Malian and French flags hanging outside.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

A Malian man smokes a cigarette in front of a shop with Malian and French flags hanging outside.

Malian soldiers talk with civilians in central Timbuktu.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

Malian soldiers talk with civilians in central Timbuktu.

A Malian soldier with a gun slung over his shoulder talks to two men.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

A Malian soldier with a gun slung over his shoulder talks to two men.

A museum guard picks up boxes holding ancient manuscripts partially damaged by Islamist rebels who ransacked Timbuktu's Ahmed Baba Institute, a library containing thousands of ancient documents. Experts said, however, that the majority of Timbuktu's ancient manuscripts appeared to be safe and undamaged.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

A museum guard picks up boxes holding ancient manuscripts partially damaged by Islamist rebels who ransacked Timbuktu's Ahmed Baba Institute, a library containing thousands of ancient documents. Experts said, however, that the majority of Timbuktu's ancient manuscripts appeared to be safe and undamaged.

Pictures of Mali's interim President Dioncounda Traore and France's President Francois Hollande are taped to a car.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

Pictures of Mali's interim President Dioncounda Traore and France's President Francois Hollande are taped to a car.

People hold Malian and French flags during the reopening ceremony of the Mahamane Fondogoumo elementary school.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

People hold Malian and French flags during the reopening ceremony of the Mahamane Fondogoumo elementary school.

People drive past a road sign written by Islamist rebels at the entrance into Timbuktu.
. TIMBUKTU, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

People drive past a road sign written by Islamist rebels at the entrance into Timbuktu.

A Tuareg man lifts a blanket off the burnt body of an Islamist rebel near a destroyed vehicle on the road between Diabaly and Timbuktu.
. DIABALY, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

A Tuareg man lifts a blanket off the burnt body of an Islamist rebel near a destroyed vehicle on the road between Diabaly and Timbuktu.

He holds a bullet near the burnt vehicle.
. DIABALY, Mali. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

He holds a bullet near the burnt vehicle.

FACTBOX-Timbuktu, Ancient Trading Town Caught Up In Mali's War

The Malian town of Timbuktu, recaptured from Islamist rebels by French and Malian troops, is an ancient centre of Islamic culture that grew rich in the 14th and 15th centuries as a trading post for gold and salt crossing the Sahara.

Here are some facts about the town:

* Timbuktu has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1988. Founded in 1100 by Tuareg nomads, it was once the richest town in the ancient empire of Mali, whose wealth came from the trans-Saharan caravan trade.

* Three of West Africa's oldest mosques, Djinguereber, Sankore and Sidi Yahia, were built in the town during the 14th and early 15th centuries; its libraries contain thousands of priceless manuscripts recording genealogies and scientific theories, as well as intellectual arguments between scholars, teachers and commentators.

* Ansar Dine, the Islamist group that seized the town in April, declared Timbuktu's shrines and mausoleums, sacred to moderate Sufi Muslims, to be un-Islamic and idolatrous, and militants destroyed several of them. The retreating Islamist rebel fighters also set fire to several buildings, including a library containing thousands of manuscripts.

* Tourism to the area was already suffering from security problems even before the rebels took control. In November 2011, Islamist gunmen seized three foreigners and killed a fourth on a street in Timbuktu in an attack claimed by Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb.

* The Scottish explorer Gordon Laing was the first European to arrive in Timbuktu, in 1826, followed by the French explorer René-Auguste Caillie two years later. The town was captured by the French in 1894, and in 1960 became part of the newly independent Republic of Mali.