Isle landers

Isle landers

Advertisement

African refugees and migrants have arrived in Malta in their thousands over the past decade. Reuters photographer Darrin Zammit Lupi has been covering the story closely all that time.

Migration is among the defining trends of the early 21st century, says the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), with more people on the move today than at any other time in history.

When I started covering this story, most people arrived on boats carrying about 30 people. The trend has changed in recent years to larger vessels and dinghies, carrying anything between 100 and 400 migrants: men, women - many of them pregnant - and children.

I’m amazed at the contrasts between people on different boats. Some arrive in a relatively good state of health, the men clean-shaven, indicating that they’ve possibly only been at sea for a couple of days at most.

Others can barely stand on their own two feet, and have to be lifted ashore, often to waiting ambulances. When a boat has been at sea for several days, the debris left behind once the immigrants have disembarked is a nauseating sight: old water bottles, food packaging, empty fuel tanks, torn clothing, shoes, excrement, vomit.

1 / 8

Slideshow

A boat used by immigrants floats upside-down after capsizing.
. Mediterranean Sea, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi

A boat used by immigrants floats upside-down after capsizing.

An immigrant climbs aboard an Armed Forces of Malta ship after being transferred from a trawler south of Malta.
. Mediterranean Sea, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi

An immigrant climbs aboard an Armed Forces of Malta ship after being transferred from a trawler south of Malta.

A migrant sits on the deck of an Armed Forces of Malta patrol boat after a rescue operation.
. Mediterranean Sea, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi

A migrant sits on the deck of an Armed Forces of Malta patrol boat after a rescue operation.

Immigrants sleep on the deck of an Armed Forces of Malta ship.
. Mediterranean Sea, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi

Immigrants sleep on the deck of an Armed Forces of Malta ship.

Migrants, among 104 sub-Saharan Africans rescued off the Libyan coast, rest under the helipad of the Migrant Offshore Aid Station’s ship as their rubber dinghy is burnt and sunk.
. Mid Sea, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi

Migrants, among 104 sub-Saharan Africans rescued off the Libyan coast, rest under the helipad of the Migrant Offshore Aid Station’s ship as their rubber dinghy is burnt and sunk.

Immigrants, rescued after their boat ran into difficulties, wait to disembark from an Armed Forces of Malta vessel in Valletta's Marsamxett Harbour.
. Valletta, Malta. Darrin Zammit Lupi/Darrin Zammit Lupi

Immigrants, rescued after their boat ran into difficulties, wait to disembark from an Armed Forces of Malta vessel in Valletta's Marsamxett Harbour.

A girl sits on the deck of an Armed Forces of Malta patrol boat in Valletta's Marsamxett Harbour.
. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi

A girl sits on the deck of an Armed Forces of Malta patrol boat in Valletta's Marsamxett Harbour.

Armed Forces of Malta sailors lift a child from a patrol vessel at Valletta's Marsamxett Harbour.
. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi

Armed Forces of Malta sailors lift a child from a patrol vessel at Valletta's Marsamxett Harbour.

. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/DARRIN ZAMMIT LUPI
“I was cold. Everybody was afraid. After some time, people started suffering hallucinations. Our skin was peeling away with the fuel and sea water. I was very sick…. I kept thinking of my unborn child…” 24-year-old Somali immigrant Faduma Omar Jamec gave birth on an Armed Forces of Malta patrol boat shorty after being rescued.

The sight of heavily pregnant women and young children, including newborns, is imprinted in your mind for a long time. You begin to wonder what sort of desperation must drive a person in that condition to undertake such a dangerous journey, what compels a parent to take young children on the trip.

Most of those who arrive in Malta in their search for safety or a better life depart from Libya. Although Malta, with a population of 423,000 inhabitants and an area of 316 square kilometres, has not received the same numbers reaching the Italian islands of Lampedusa and Sicily, arrivals in Malta are greater as a percentage of the population than any other country in Europe.

1 / 5

Slideshow

An immigrant sits on the deck of an Armed Forces of Malta patrol boat.
. Mediterranean Sea, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi

An immigrant sits on the deck of an Armed Forces of Malta patrol boat.

. Mediterranean Sea, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi
. Mediterranean Sea, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi
. Mediterranean Sea, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi
. Mediterranean Sea, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi
. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi

The Arab Spring, and more recently the conflicts which have torn apart the Middle East, have spawned millions of new refugees, in particular from Syria.

Hamad Alroosan was 10 years old when his family fled Syria in autumn 2013. The boat carrying 250 people capsized and dozens of people died. His whole family survived. They now live in Germany.

Video

Hamad recounts his experience of surviving after his boat capsized.

. Mediterranean Sea, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi

What first appeared as a little dot on the horizon grew into a sizeable fishing boat as we drew closer, packed to the brim with people of all ages.

Several leant over the side, desperately trying to drink seawater, which would dehydrate them more and eventually kill them. Crew from the patrol boat crossed over on a smaller vessel while the first boat maintained its position around fifty metres away.

Any closer and the risk to the people on board would become too great. Several times in the past, everyone had moved at the same time to one side of the boat in a desperate attempt to board the rescue vessel, resulting in tragedy as their rickety craft capsized.

Soldiers brought several packets of bottled water on deck, loaded them onto the smaller vessel then tossed a continuous volley of bottles to the occupants.

This was a fortunate group as they managed to avoid bad weather hitting the central Mediterranean at the time, but I couldn’t help wonder about all the boatloads to whom the fates aren’t so kind.

That happened several years ago. Nothing has changed: bodies are regularly spotted floating off Malta, or skeletal remains washed up on her beaches.

In the past decade, thousands of men, women and children have lost their lives as their rickety vessels succumbed to the sea.

In 2014 alone, more than 3,000 people perished in the Mediterranean, victims of a cynical smuggling and trafficking industry that continues to exploit desperate people on the move. The central Mediterranean has become a graveyard.

Immigrants who land in Malta irregularly automatically face up to 18 months in detention, locked behind bars without standing trial, fighting numbing boredom. The seclusion and long months in detention have psychological repercussions.

1 / 8

Slideshow

. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi
. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi
. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi
. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi
. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi
. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi
. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi
. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi

Boredom remains a major problem in a place where people are left waiting for something, anything, to happen; a place where until relatively recently, there has been little effort to help them integrate or acquire skills.

This is compounded by the fact that many of them show little interest in integrating in Malta. Most only ended up here unintentionally: either they needed rescuing or they mistook Malta for Italy.

Most want to leave sooner rather than later. They firmly believe they are just in transition, which makes learning their host country’s language and culture doubly hard.

It was clear that none of the refugees who have landed in Malta want to stay a minute longer than necessary. They feel trapped here; they can’t go back to where they came from and have little prospect of an attractive future by staying on the island.

Any opportunity to escape from limbo is jumped at headfirst.

. Valletta, Malta. Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi
An African refugee, taking part in a resettlement programme, looks out of a window on a plane heading to Paris from Malta.